abstract：:Toll-like receptor-9 (TLR9) is largely responsible for discriminating self from pathogenic DNA. However, association of host DNA with autoantibodies activates TLR9, inducing the pathogenic secretion of type I interferons (IFNs) from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Here, we found that in response to DNA-containing...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Henault J,Martinez J,Riggs JM,Tian J,Mehta P,Clarke L,Sasai M,Latz E,Brinkmann MM,Iwasaki A,Coyle AJ,Kolbeck R,Green DR,Sanjuan MA

更新日期：2012-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:What does it take to make a regulatory T (Treg) cell? In this issue of Immunity, Ohkura et al. show that Treg-cell-specific CpG hypomethylation and Foxp3 expression are independent events required for Treg cell development, stability, and full suppressive activity. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Delgoffe GM,Bettini ML,Vignali DA

更新日期：2012-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Secondary diversification of the B cell repertoire by immunoglobulin gene somatic hypermutation in the germinal center (GC) is essential for providing the high-affinity antibody specificities required for long-term humoral immunity. While the risk to self-tolerance posed by inadvertent generation of self-reactive GC B...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Chan TD,Wood K,Hermes JR,Butt D,Jolly CJ,Basten A,Brink R

更新日期：2012-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor Foxp3 is essential for the development of regulatory T (Treg) cells, yet its expression is insufficient for establishing the Treg cell lineage. Here we showed that Treg cell development was achieved by the combination of two independent processes, i.e., the expression of Foxp3 and the establis...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ohkura N,Hamaguchi M,Morikawa H,Sugimura K,Tanaka A,Ito Y,Osaki M,Tanaka Y,Yamashita R,Nakano N,Huehn J,Fehling HJ,Sparwasser T,Nakai K,Sakaguchi S

更新日期：2012-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are part of a large family of ILCs that are important effectors in innate immunity, lymphoid organogenesis, and tissue remodeling. ILC2s mediate parasite expulsion but also contribute to airway inflammation, emphasizing the functional similarity between these cells and Th2 cells. C...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mjösberg J,Bernink J,Golebski K,Karrich JJ,Peters CP,Blom B,te Velde AA,Fokkens WJ,van Drunen CM,Spits H

更新日期：2012-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Foxp3(+) Treg cells express transcription factors normally expressed by specific T helper cells at sites of inflammation. In this issue of Immunity, Koch et al. (2012) and Hall et al. (2012) demonstrate that IFN-γ and IL-27 distinctly induces T-bet(+) Treg cells via STAT-1 transcription factor activation. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ohkura N,Sakaguchi S

更新日期：2012-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Autophagy is a fundamental biological process of the eukaryotic cell contributing to diverse cellular and physiological functions including cell-autonomous defense against intracellular pathogens. Here, we screened the Rab family of membrane trafficking regulators for effects on autophagic elimination of Mycobacterium...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Pilli M,Arko-Mensah J,Ponpuak M,Roberts E,Master S,Mandell MA,Dupont N,Ornatowski W,Jiang S,Bradfute SB,Bruun JA,Hansen TE,Johansen T,Deretic V

更新日期：2012-08-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunological functions of mast cells are currently considered to be much broader than the original role of mast cells in IgE-driven allergic disease. The spectrum of proposed mast cell functions includes areas as diverse as the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, protective immunity against viral, mic...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Rodewald HR,Feyerabend TB

更新日期：2012-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Effector T cells are critical for clearance of pathogens from sites of infection. Like cytotoxic CD8(+) T cells, CD4(+) helper T cells have been shown to deliver effector molecules directionally toward the immunological synapse, suggesting that infected cells need to be engaged individually to receive effector signals...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Müller AJ,Filipe-Santos O,Eberl G,Aebischer T,Späth GF,Bousso P

更新日期：2012-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:After acute inflammation or infection, tissue-resident macrophages are replaced by inflammatory DCs and effector macrophages that arise from circulating monocytes. In this issue of Immunity, Goldszmid et al. (2012) demonstrate a central role for NK cell-derived IFN-γ in signaling and facilitating this transition. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Yap GS,Rivera A

更新日期：2012-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:IgE antibodies may be protective in parasite immunity, but their aberrant production can lead to allergic disease and life-threatening anaphylaxis. Despite the importance of IgE regulation, few studies have directly examined the B cells that express IgE, because these cells are rare and difficult to detect. Here, we d...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Yang Z,Sullivan BM,Allen CD

更新日期：2012-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:T helper 17 (Th17) cells play an important role in mucosal host defense through production of the signature cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been shown to enhance IL-17 production by mature Th17 cells. However, when present during Th17 cell differentiation, we found that PGE2 inhibited the transc...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Valdez PA,Vithayathil PJ,Janelsins BM,Shaffer AL,Williamson PR,Datta SK

更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Sterile inflammation can be initiated by innate immune recognition of markers of tissue injury termed damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMP recognition by dendritic cells (DCs) has also been postulated to lead to T cell responses to foreign antigens in tumors or allografts. Many DAMPs represent intracellu...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ahrens S,Zelenay S,Sancho D,Hanč P,Kjær S,Feest C,Fletcher G,Durkin C,Postigo A,Skehel M,Batista F,Thompson B,Way M,Reis e Sousa C,Schulz O

更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian MyD88 signaling molecule participates in Toll receptor signaling within the cytoplasm. In this issue of Immunity, Marek and Kagan (2012) report that Drosophila (d)MyD88 acts instead at the plasma membrane to sort the signaling adaptor Tube. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Goto A,Imler JL

更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin 9 (IL-9) is a pleiotropic cytokine that can regulate autoimmune responses by enhancing regulatory CD4(+)FoxP3(+) T regulatory (Treg) cell survival and T helper 17 (Th17) cell proliferation. Here, we analyzed the costimulatory requirements for the induction of Th9 cells, and demonstrated that Notch pathway ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Elyaman W,Bassil R,Bradshaw EM,Orent W,Lahoud Y,Zhu B,Radtke F,Yagita H,Khoury SJ

更新日期：2012-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymic medulla provides a specialized microenvironment for the negative selection of T cells, with the presence of autoimmune regulator (Aire)-expressing medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) during the embryonic-neonatal period being both necessary and sufficient to establish long-lasting tolerance. Here we s...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Roberts NA,White AJ,Jenkinson WE,Turchinovich G,Nakamura K,Withers DR,McConnell FM,Desanti GE,Benezech C,Parnell SM,Cunningham AF,Paolino M,Penninger JM,Simon AK,Nitta T,Ohigashi I,Takahama Y,Caamano JH,Hayday AC,La

更新日期：2012-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous regulatory programs have been identified that contribute to the restoration of homeostasis at the conclusion of immune responses and to safeguarding against the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation and autoimmune pathology. Malignant cells may usurp these pathways to create immunosuppressive networks t...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Rabinovich GA,Croci DO

更新日期：2012-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Immunity, Silver et al. (2012) provide evidence that murine Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) expression and function in innate and adaptive immunity is controlled by the circadian cycle. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Obermann HL,Bauer S

更新日期：2012-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The emerging notion of environment-induced reprogramming of Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells into helper T (Th) cells remains controversial. By genetic fate mapping or adoptive transfers, we have identified a minor population of nonregulatory Foxp3(+) T cells exhibiting promiscuous and transient Foxp3 expression, wh...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Miyao T,Floess S,Setoguchi R,Luche H,Fehling HJ,Waldmann H,Huehn J,Hori S

更新日期：2012-02-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies confer protection against pathogenic microorganisms, serve as therapeutics in tumor therapy, and are involved in destruction of healthy tissues during autoimmune diseases. Understanding the molecular pathways and effector cell types involved in antibody-mediated effector functions is ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Biburger M,Aschermann S,Schwab I,Lux A,Albert H,Danzer H,Woigk M,Dudziak D,Nimmerjahn F

更新日期：2011-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Immunity, Duprez et al. (2011) demonstrate that necroptosis, a form of regulated necrosis that is mediated by the kinases RIPK1 and RIPK3, underlies the lethal effects of tumor necrosis factor in vivo. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Galluzzi L,Kroemer G

更新日期：2011-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor signaling is necessary for control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection, yet the role of its two ligands, IL-1α and IL-1β, and their regulation in vivo are poorly understood. Here, we showed that both IL-1α and IL-1β are critically required for host resistance and identified two ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mayer-Barber KD,Andrade BB,Barber DL,Hieny S,Feng CG,Caspar P,Oland S,Gordon S,Sher A

更新日期：2011-12-23 00:00:00

abstract：:It is unclear how an effective T cell repertoire is built from a limited array of T cell receptor (TCR) genes. In this issue of Immunity, Stadinski et al. (2011) demonstrate that TCR variable (V) α chains can indirectly affect Vβ-mediated recognition of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Turner SJ,Rossjohn J

更新日期：2011-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Although infections with virulent pathogens often induce a strong inflammatory reaction, what drives the increased immune response to pathogens compared to nonpathogenic microbes is poorly understood. One possibility is that the immune system senses the level of threat from a microorganism and augments the response ac...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Boyer L,Magoc L,Dejardin S,Cappillino M,Paquette N,Hinault C,Charriere GM,Ip WK,Fracchia S,Hennessy E,Erturk-Hasdemir D,Reichhart JM,Silverman N,Lacy-Hulbert A,Stuart LM

更新日期：2011-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Manipulation of cell death pathways has been identified as a common feature of host-microbe interactions. We examine two examples: influenza A as a representative acute infection and cytomegalovirus as an example of chronic infection. From the perspective of viral entry, replication, and transmission, we identify poin...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Yatim N,Albert ML

更新日期：2011-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNA (miRNA)-deficient helper T cells exhibit abnormal IFN-γ production and decreased proliferation. However, the contributions of individual miRNAs to this phenotype remain poorly understood. We conducted a screen for miRNA function in primary T cells and identified individual miRNAs that rescue the defects assoc...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Steiner DF,Thomas MF,Hu JK,Yang Z,Babiarz JE,Allen CD,Matloubian M,Blelloch R,Ansel KM

更新日期：2011-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigen presentation and microbial killing are critical arms of host defense that depend upon cargo trafficking into lysosomes. Yet, the molecular regulators of traffic into lysosomes are only partly understood. Here, using a lysosome-dependent immunological screen of a trafficking shRNA library, we identified the Arf...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Garg S,Sharma M,Ung C,Tuli A,Barral DC,Hava DL,Veerapen N,Besra GS,Hacohen N,Brenner MB

更新日期：2011-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:CD70 and CD27 are costimulatory molecules that provide essential signals for the expansion and differentiation of CD8(+) T cells. Here, we show that CD27-driven costimulation lowered the threshold of T cell receptor activation on CD8(+) T cells and enabled responses against low-affinity antigens. Using influenza infec...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： van Gisbergen KP,Klarenbeek PL,Kragten NA,Unger PP,Nieuwenhuis MB,Wensveen FM,ten Brinke A,Tak PP,Eldering E,Nolte MA,van Lier RA

更新日期：2011-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich-repeat-containing (NLR) proteins regulate innate immunity. Although the positive regulatory impact of NLRs is clear, their inhibitory roles are not well defined. We showed that Nlrx1(-/-) mice exhibited increased expression of antiviral signaling molecules IFN-β, STAT2, O...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Allen IC,Moore CB,Schneider M,Lei Y,Davis BK,Scull MA,Gris D,Roney KE,Zimmermann AG,Bowzard JB,Ranjan P,Monroe KM,Pickles RJ,Sambhara S,Ting JP

更新日期：2011-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Commensal microbiota confers a goldilocks state of alertness to pathogens, yet restrains deleterious inflammation. In this issue of Immunity, Geuking et al. (2011) demonstrate that a minimal bacterial community of the Schaedler flora establishes a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory T cells in the gut. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Rudensky AY,Chervonsky AV

更新日期：2011-05-27 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Immunity, Chaudhry et al. (2011) and Huber et al. (2011) report that control of Th17 cell responses during colonic inflammation requires direct signaling by IL-10 in regulatory T cells and Th17 cells. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Stewart CA,Trinchieri G

更新日期：2011-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The antigen receptor for natural killer T cells (NKT TCR) binds CD1d-restricted microbial and self-lipid antigens, although the molecular basis of self-CD1d recognition is unclear. Here, we have characterized NKT TCR recognition of CD1d molecules loaded with natural self-antigens (Ags) and report the 2.3 Å resolution ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Mallevaey T,Clarke AJ,Scott-Browne JP,Young MH,Roisman LC,Pellicci DG,Patel O,Vivian JP,Matsuda JL,McCluskey J,Godfrey DI,Marrack P,Rossjohn J,Gapin L

更新日期：2011-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the RIG-I signaling molecule is essential for antiviral immunity but mechanisms downmodulating the response are ill defined. In this issue of Immunity, Rajput et al. (2011) describe caspase-8-mediated RIP1 cleavage as a key step for restricting RIG-I signaling. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Roth S,Ruland J

更新日期：2011-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:V(H)-DJ(H) recombination of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus is temporally and spatially controlled during early B cell development, and yet no regulatory elements other than the V(H) gene promoters have been identified throughout the entire V(H) gene cluster. Here, we discovered regulatory sequences that ar...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ebert A,McManus S,Tagoh H,Medvedovic J,Salvagiotto G,Novatchkova M,Tamir I,Sommer A,Jaritz M,Busslinger M

更新日期：2011-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Immunity, Jiang et al. (2011) provide evidence that the CD8 coreceptor is recruited to the T cell receptor (TCR) complex after initial TCR triggering where it stabilizes the TCR-peptide-major histocompatibility complex interaction. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： van der Merwe PA,Cordoba SP

更新日期：2011-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The interferon-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) share common progenitors with antigen-presenting classical dendritic cells (cDCs), yet they possess distinct morphology and molecular features resembling those of lymphocytes. It is unclear whether the unique cell fate of pDCs is actively maintained in the s...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Ghosh HS,Cisse B,Bunin A,Lewis KL,Reizis B

更新日期：2010-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune tolerance against enteric commensal bacteria is important for preventing intestinal inflammation. Deletion of phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (Pdk1) in T cells via Cd4-Cre induced chronic inflammation of the intestine despite the importance of PDK1 in T cell activation. Analysis of colonic intraepit...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Park SG,Mathur R,Long M,Hosh N,Hao L,Hayden MS,Ghosh S

更新日期：2010-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs have been shown to be critical for a number of aspects of immune system regulation and function. Here, we have examined the role of microRNAs in terminal B cell differentiation by analyzing Cd19-Cre(ki/+) Dicer1(fl/fl) mice. We found that in the absence of Dicer, the transitional and marginal zone (MZ) B cel...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Belver L,de Yébenes VG,Ramiro AR

更新日期：2010-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are key components of the machinery required for the construction of the lymphoid structures underlying immune responses. In this issue of Immunity, Vonarbourg et. al. (2010) describe how these cells assume several different guises, each associated with different LTi functions. ...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Strober W

更新日期：2010-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Adjuvants enhance immunity to vaccines and experimental antigens by a variety of mechanisms. In the past decade, many receptors and signaling pathways in the innate immune system have been defined and these innate responses strongly influence the adaptive immune response. The focus of this review is to delineate the i...

journal_title：Immunity

authors： Coffman RL,Sher A,Seder RA

更新日期：2010-10-29 00:00:00